U.S. Court of Appeals upholds EPA's PFAS hazardous‑substance designation

Settlements with 3M, DuPont and other manufacturers provided up to $14 billion for public drinking water systems nationwide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designated PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under CERCLA in 2024. Circuit upheld EPA's CERCLA designation after industry groups challenged the agency's authority and its consideration of the rule's economic impacts.