FAA and EASA set strict bird‑ingestion certification standards for jet engines

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration defines baseline engine certification requirements under 14 CFR Part 33, while the European Union Aviation Safety Agency enforces equivalent criteria through CS‑E standards in Europe.

Part 33.76 and Advisory Circular 33.76‑1B prescribe bird‑ingestion testing that fires birds into a running engine at 100 % of maximum rated takeoff power, with the front fan assembly rotating between 2,000 and 3,500 RPM, and requires the engine to maintain required thrust for at least 20 minutes after ingestion; large‑flocking bird tests use speeds up to 230 mph and demand structural integrity without uncontained failure, while a single large‑bird test may allow total thrust loss and severe internal damage provided the failure is non‑hazardous.